What is Photosynthesis and How Does it Work?

13 Oct 2023

What is photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy.

How does photosynthesis work?

Photosynthesis Process

Photosynthesis is a complex process that can be summarized in two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions.

Light-Dependent Reactions

In the light-dependent reactions, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts of plant cells. This energy is used to split water molecules into oxygen, protons, and electrons. The oxygen is released as a byproduct, while the protons and electrons are used for the next stage of photosynthesis.

Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

The light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin Cycle, take place in the stroma of the chloroplasts. In this stage, carbon dioxide from the air is converted into glucose using the energy stored in the form of ATP and NADPH, which were produced in the light-dependent reactions.

Overall Process

By undergoing photosynthesis, plants are able to produce their own food in the form of glucose, which serves as a source of energy for growth and survival. Additionally, photosynthesis plays a crucial role in the release of oxygen into the atmosphere, which is vital for the respiration of all living organisms.

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