Chemical Reactions for Organic Transformations
How can ethyl bromide be converted to ethyl methyl ether?
a) [tex]CH_{3} CH_{2}Br + CH_{3}OH \rightarrow CH_{3}OCH_{2}CH_{3} + HBr[/tex]
What is the chemical reaction to convert ethyl bromide to ethene?
b) [tex]2CH_{3} CH_{2}Br \rightarrow CH_{2}=CH_{2} + HBr + CH_{3} CH_{2}Br[/tex]
How can bromobenzene be transformed into toluene?
c) [tex]C_{6}H_{5}Br + CH_{3}MgBr \rightarrow C_{6}H_{5}CH_{3} + MgBr_{2}[/tex]
What is the chemical reaction to convert chlorobenzene to biphenyl?
d) [tex]C_{6}H_{5}Cl + C_{6}H_{6} \rightarrow C_{6}H_{5}C_{6}H_{5} + HCl[/tex]
Answer:
The chemical reactions involve various organic transformations such as nucleophilic substitution to make ethyl methyl ether, dehydrohalogenation to form ethene, catalytic hydrogenation for toluene, and a coupling reaction to synthesize biphenyl.
Organic chemistry involves complex reactions to convert one compound into another. These reactions can be categorized based on the type of transformation they undergo. In the case of ethyl bromide to ethyl methyl ether, a nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place where the bromine atom is replaced with a methoxy group.
On the other hand, the conversion of ethyl bromide to ethene involves dehydrohalogenation, where the bromine atoms are eliminated to form a double bond between carbon atoms. This reaction results in the formation of ethene and hydrogen bromide.
For the transformation of bromobenzene to toluene, a reaction with a Grignard reagent is employed to introduce a methyl group to the benzene ring. This reaction is crucial for the synthesis of toluene from bromobenzene.
Lastly, chlorobenzene can be converted to biphenyl through a coupling reaction with benzene. This coupling reaction leads to the formation of biphenyl and hydrogen chloride as a byproduct. These chemical reactions showcase the versatility and complexity of organic transformations in synthetic chemistry.