Calculate Energy Loss Using the Hazen-Williams Formula
What factors should be considered when applying the Hazen-Williams formula to calculate energy loss?
a) Pipe diameter
b) Water velocity
c) Pipe material
d) All of the above
Final answer:
Answer:
When applying the Hazen-Williams formula to calculate energy loss, the factors that should be considered are pipe diameter, water velocity, and pipe material. These factors directly influence the energy loss in the system.
Explanation:
To calculate energy loss using the Hazen-Williams formula with a coefficient (c) equal to 120, the factors you should consider are pipe diameter, water velocity, and pipe material.
Pipe diameter: Pipe diameter affects the frictional resistance to flow. A larger diameter will generally result in lower energy loss due to reduced friction.
Water velocity: Water velocity plays a critical role in determining the rate of energy loss. Higher velocities cause more friction and increased energy loss.
Pipe material: The pipe material influences the 'c' value in the Hazen-Williams formula, which is an empirical measure of roughness and its effect on flow resistance.
Therefore, when using the Hazen-Williams formula to estimate energy loss in a piping system, it is essential to take into account all the above factors, as they play a crucial role in the accuracy of the energy loss computation.