What are the different markers involved in territorial behavior?
Territorial behavior involves different markers to denote territory, including Ear Markers (auditory, like wolves howling), Central Markers (usually visual or scent markings at the heart of the territory, such as a dog's urination), and Boundary Markers (marking the outer limits of the territory, akin to ants using pheromones).
Explanation:
In terms of territorial behavior, organisms use different markers to establish and maintain their territories. These markers include the Ear Marker, Central Marker, and Boundary Marker. An Ear Marker often relates to mammals, as it denotes vocal or auditory markings; for example, wolves howling. The Central Marker typically refers to visible or olfactory (scent) markings located at the core of the territory; a dog might leave this through urination. The Boundary Marker, as the name suggests, establishes the outer limits of the territory; ants, for instance, use pheromones to mark the boundaries of their colony.